If nothing else, books will teach you how to read. Some of the patterns are used everywhere and there is a good chance what you're trying to do has already been well described. If you're lucky the pattern will even include the edge cases you hadn't thought of.
Having a design pattern book library on your desk will make you look smart, but being able to recommend an appropriate pattern for a project will help your team spend more time building great software and less on boilerplate.
Some suggested patterns to start with:
Publish/Subscribe
Factory (also Abstract Factory)
Model View Controller (MVC)
Decorator
Delegate